| CLIENT INFORMATION |
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| THORACOLUMBAR DISC DISEASE |
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The spinal column consists of a series of bones (vertebrae) surrounding the spinal cord
and lined up from the base of the skull to the pelvis. Located between each vertebrae are
structures called intervertebral discs (Figure 1). These discs act as cushions between the
vertebrae, and function as shock absorbers of the spine. A healthy intervertebral disc
consists of an outer fibrous layer and a soft inner portion.
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In dogs with intervertebral disc disease, degeneration causes the normally soft center of
the disc to harden. These hardened discs are predisposed to herniation and rupture, in
which the center of the disc protrudes through the weakened outer layer. This rupture
results in pressure on the spinal cord (Figure 2).
Certain breeds of small dogs such as Dachshunds, Pekingese, Poodles, and Beagles are
genetically predisposed to disc changes in the mid-back thoracolumbar) region. These
breeds commonly present with signs of disc rupture.
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MYELOGRAM
A definitive diagnosis may require further tests, such as a myelogram (Figure 3). A
myelogram is a series of radiographs taken while the spinal cord and surrounding canal
are highlighted by a contrast dye. The dye is injected into the spinal canal while the dog is
under general anesthesia and outlines the spinal cord and the location of
the disease process.
MRI
A MRI (magnetic resonance imaging, Figure 4), is another diagnostic technique that may
be necessary to confirm the exact location of the ruptured disc and the degree of spinal
cord swelling.
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Medical management is used in some dogs exhibiting mild pain and neurologic
dysfunction. These dogs are usually confined and medications are used to help reduce
spinal cord swelling. Patients exhibiting severe or progressive neurologic symptoms like
loss of sensation require surgical intervention.
SURGERY
Surgery involves making an incision in the thoracolumbar region of the back. Portions of
the vertebrae covering the damaged section of the spinal cord are removed. This
procedure is called a laminectomy and relieves the pressure on the spinal cord. The
opening through the vertebrae allows removal of the damaged disc
material.
Some dogs require the removal of damaged discs between adjacent vertebrae. This is
called fenestration and lessens the chance of another disc rupture in the future.
REHABILITATION
Swelling of the spinal cord caused by manipulation during surgery can sometimes worsen neurologic symptoms. This condition is generally temporary and lessens as the
swelling decreases. It may take up to 8 weeks to resolve the clinical signs following surgery. The chance of your dog’s full recovery depends upon many factors:
 your pet’s overall health
the number of previous episodes
the length of time between the onsetof signs and surgery
PHYSICAL THERAPY
During the gradual recovery process, your pet will require strict confinement. You will also need to provide good nursing care. Care may include assistance in walking or carrying
your pet outside to eliminate. The necessity of physical therapy is determined on an individual basis.
Many thoracolumbar disc patients benefit postoperatively from physical therapy. Electric
stimulation, range of motion, and stretching exercises can all help reduce swelling and
scar tissue formation, increase muscle tone and facilitate nerve regeneration. Please ask
about our physical therapy program.
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